Author: AB

Written for The Guardian newspaper, April 2016.
Part 2 of 4 part feature

When you walk through the Cono Sur vineyard in the morning, it feels like you might have stumbled across a movie set. A low-lying fog slowly fades away to reveal dozens of abandoned bicycles: resting on the vine rows; leaning against the walls of the winery; stacked up at the gate. But this is no zombie apocalypse. These bikes belong to the hundred workers who travel in each morning from the neighbouring town, Chimbarongo, less than a kilometre away. They all ride to work, just as they have since the vines were first planted here in the 70s.

At first sight, the workers aren’t immediately visible. Today they are buried deep in the vines, harvesting the pinot noir grapes in the cool of the morning. The grapes here are
all hand-harvested and a big tractor follows the workers as they load
the back with small, heavy boxes. As the sun comes through and the tractor fills up, the grapes are taken into the winery, where they’ll start their journey to becoming Cono Sur Organic Pinot Noir – and some might go to the Bicicleta range.

Both labels are an important symbol of what Cono Sur represents: it is one of the biggest organic wine producers in South America, and its Bicicleta range (which is a homage to its workers) reflects its commitment to sustainability. As well as organic practices in the vineyard, its wines are carbon neutral, the glass bottles and water are recycled, and it has Fairtrade certification among a long list of other eco-friendly accreditations.

While the vines leaves rustle with activity, I can hear an excited babble coming from a large gaggle of geese. The birds are in a pen right now, but they are usually out in the fields – another loyal troupe of workers with an important role in the vineyard. The main job of the geese is to eat all the burritos – and not the sort you get in a Mexican restaurant. Burritos are a local pest: small weevils that eat away at the vine, destroying the bud and the grapes, if there are any. Conventional farmers might spray pesticides to kill them off, but Cono Sur employs the help of geese and garlic.

Each vine has a ring of cardboard with a sticky and stinky garlic mixture to deter the burritos from climbing further up the vine, making them easier prey for the geese to gobble up from the floor.

The reason they aren’t out in the vines today though is because, as well as liking the taste of burritos, geese love the taste of grapes. Bug-eating geese might not be
the greatest testimony to the quality of the grapes, but Cono Sur’s wines are.

“Having great grapes is really important,” says Matías Rios, winemaker in the Colchagua vineyards. According to Rios, with organic production “you have a really honest balance in terms of yield and production. The moment you pick the grapes is also really important, and you need to have the vines in the right places.”

Cono Sur started picking their grapes a couple of weeks ago, but the harvest will be coming in for well over two months around all their different vineyards. With over 14 vineyards across Chile – from Limarí on the coast in the north, down to Bío Bío 880km south – the Cono Sur winemaking team have plenty of places to pick from. And this is only the beginning of how they make those quality grapes into quality wine …

Written for The Guardian newspaper, April 2016.
Part 1 of 4 part feature

Looking out from under the shade of an ancient Peumo tree, the view ahead of lush green vineyards framed by undulating hillsides could be anywhere in the Mediterranean – or perhaps even England on one of those rare, warm summer days. But it isn’t England, nor even Europe. This is Chile – at the far extremes of the globe, a country just hinged onto the edge of the South American content.

Irrespective of the angle from which you arrive in Chile, it feels remote and extreme. If you arrive from the north of the country, you have to cross a thousand kilometres of the world’s driest desert – the Atacama. With a sparse population of century-old cacti and hardy guanacos, it is a wild and extraordinary landscape, enjoyed by the privileged few who dare to wander into it.

Arriving in Chile from the east, you have to cross the towering Andes mountain range – only paralleled in height by the Himalayas. Imposing mountains create a sharp barrier from the rest of the continent and definitive frontier for Chile. Green, shrub-covered Andean foothills give way to bright red copper-rich rocks, smoking volcanoes, and at the very tippy top you get the teetering snow-caps and ice walls that form some of the most exhilarating mountaineering and ski spots in the world.

At the far south, the tail of Chile disappears in a wisp to the ice lands of Antarctica. Chilean Patagonia is a spellbinding kingdom of dark forests, silver-hued mountains, creaking glaciers and wide fjords. Giant spider crabs dwell in the freezing undercurrents and whales move upstream to find warmer waters for breeding.

Facing out towards the west, the horizon is equally as boundless. Beyond Chile lies the world’s largest ocean – the Pacific. With dramatic coastlines carved out along its 4270km length, Chile borders rough and cold Pacific waters that only begin to be tempered as they reach the shores of Polynesian islands some 8000km away.

Yet within these extreme perimeters lies a fertile oasis. It’s precisely because of its extreme edges that Chile is such a special place for agriculture and winemaking. The natural boundaries of desert, mountains, ice and sea mean that Chile is a virgin territory. When the worst disease in the history of wine, Phylloxera, swept over the globe, ravaging and destroying millions of vineyards the world over, Chile remained completely untouched. Sitting in a remote corner of the world, Chile is blissfully protected.

I feel protected – and quietly smug – between the rolling hillsides in a balmy sunlit green basin of vineyards with a glass of red wine in hand. I’m in the middle of Cono Sur’s vineyard in Colchagua – the home of their production and the heartland of Chilean wine. Known as the ‘central valleys’ of Chile, Colchagua and its connecting regions boast a warmer climate with long days of sunshine that are perfect for making supple and juicy red wines, as well as more tropical white wines like the aromatically explosive Viognier and Gewurztraminer.

This isn’t their only vineyard though, and nor is it the only wine region in Chile. I’ve been visiting the cool coastal regions of Limarí, Casablanca and San Antonio, whose vines are bathed in sea mist each morning and cooled by sea breeze each afternoon. The conditions are perfect for zesty Sauvignon Blanc, steely Chardonnay and electric Syrah.

It’s the hills of Aconcagua and Maipo, whose vineyards creep up the side of the Andes Mountains reaching cooler temperatures and unadulterated sunlight, that make Chile’s famed Cabernet Sauvignon. And further south there’s the most historical of Chile’s wine regions – Maule, Itata and Bio Bio – where the old vines create magnificently balanced wines including Riesling and Chile’s own Carmenere.

In my glass right now though, is Pinot Noir. One of the world’s most notoriously fickle wine varieties that demands very special topographical and climatic conditions matched with skill and patience in the winery. In the glass is an artist’s palate of Chile’s many terroirs, a bright painting of Chile’s diversity, and a sensorial pool of Pinot Noir hand-picked from sites around this unique country.

Yes, glass of wine in hand, I’m feeling quite smug indeed…